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Coma

04.10 |

What is coma?

A coma describe people who aren't paying attention or who are drowsy or sleeping. But a coma is a serious condition that has nothing to do with sleep.Someone who is in a coma is unconscious and will not respond to voices, other sounds, or any sort of activity going on nearby. The person is still alive, but the brain is functioning at its lowest stage of alertness.
Comas can be caused by different things, including:
  • a severe injury to the head that hurts the brain
  • seizures
  • infections involving the brain
  • brain damage caused by a lack of oxygen for too long
  • an overdose (taking too much) of medicine or other drugs
  • a stroke.
Someone in a coma usually needs to be cared for in the intensive care unit (ICU) of the hospital. There, the person can get extra care and attention from doctors, nurses, and other hospital staff. They make sure the person gets fluids, nutrients, and any medicines needed to keep the body as healthy as possible. These are sometimes given through a tiny plastic tube inserted in a vein or through a feeding tube that brings fluids and nutrients directly to the stomach.Some comatose people are unable to breathe on their own and need the help of a ventilator (say: ven-tih-lay-ter), a machine that pumps air into the lungs through a tube placed in the windpipe. Their family can take care with them by visiting the hospital and read to, talk to, and even play music for the patient are important because it's possible that the person may be able to hear what's going on, even if he or she can't respond.
Usually, a coma does not last more than a few weeks. Sometimes, however, a person stays in a coma for a long time — even years — and will be able to do very little except breathe on his or her own.When coming out of a coma, a person will often be confused and can only slowly respond to what's going on. It will take time for the person to start feeling better.Over time and with the help of therapists, however, many people who have been in a coma can make a lot of progress. They may not be exactly like they were before the coma, but they can do many things and enjoy life with their family and friends.

          
  Vocabulary list:

  • Coma               : pinsang yang lama
  • Unconscious     : tak sadar
  • brain                 : otak
  • Injury                : luka
  • Seizure             : serangan jantung
  • Fluid                 : zat cair,cairan
  • Tube                 : pipa, pembuluh
  • Windpipe           : batang tenggorokan
  • Lung                 : paru paru
  • Overdose          : over dosis, lebih dari takaran semestinya

Exercise :

  1. What is coma?
  2. What happens when someone is in a coma?
  3. What can cause a coma?
  4.  How do people take care of someone in a coma?
  5.  What is ventilator?
  6.  What happens after a coma?

 

Grammar focus

Simple future tense

Simple future tense is used to express the activity in the future time.

The difference between WILL vs BE GOING TO

To express a PREDICTION : use either WILL or BE GOING TO

According to the doctor, she (will be/ is going to be) better tomorrow.

To make a prediction about something WILL or BE GOING TO is possible

To express a PRIOR PLAN  : use only BE GOING TO

My Friend is sick. I’m going to visit him tomorrow

To express a prior plan that intends to do in the future.

To express WILLINGNESS : use only WILL

He is in a coma. He is going to be cared for in Intensive Care Unit ( ICU)

To express something that not in prediction. There is no prior plan before.

Exercise 2:

Use be going to if you think the speaker is expressing a prior plan or use will if you think she/ he  has no prior plan.

1.   A : I have headache. Can you help me ?

B : Sure. I ( buy ) ................................. medicine for you.

2.  A : Do you want to join with me ? I (go)............................... to the hospital to see our friend tomorrow.

B : Of course.

3.   A : Do you have a plan to night?

B : Yes, I ( check up) .............................my eyes in the oculist.

4.   A : I (sell) .................................my motorcycle.

B : Why ? you need your motorcycle to get to work.

A : I know. But I need money to pay for my baby’s doctor and medicine.

5.   A : How about Mr.Cue condition right now?

B : He (go, be ) ................................to the hospital because he is stroke.


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Rabies

03.51 |

RABIES


Rabies is a serious infection of the nervous system, which controls everything you do from breathing to walking.A person can get rabies after being bitten or scratched by an animal that carries the rabies virus.
If an animal ever bites or scratches you, tell an adult exactly what happened and ask the adult to help you take these steps to protect yourself:
  • Wash the wound with soap and water for 10 minutes.
  • Call your doctor or the hospital emergency department.
  • Give a description of the animal that bit you to your local animal control office so they can try to find the animal and test it for rabies. Your mom or dad can help you do this.
If you go to the doctor for an animal bite, the doctor will want to know what kind of animal bit you,How you feel now.If a rabid animal bites someone, the disease will not develop right away. That's because there's an incubation period (say:a in-kyuh-bay-shun) with rabies. That means there's a period of time between getting bitten and experiencing symptoms of rabies. With rabies, the incubation period may be a few days to several weeks or even a lot longer.
But doctors don't wait around when it comes to rabies. If there's a chance the person was bitten by a rabid animal, the doctor can give the person several shots to prevent the disease. Every year, about 40,000 people in the United States get these injections as a precaution. Shots are never fun, but they're much better than getting a deadly disease.
The best way to protect yourself from getting infected with rabies is to never approach any stray or wild animals. Don't feed them or touch them, even if they look cute and friendly. A rabid animal may sometimes look tired or sick or even very angry. That's a sure sign to stay away!Another important step is to have your pets vaccinated (say: vak-suh-nay-ted) by your veterinarian. The vet will give them shots so they can't catch rabies and give it to you or any other people or animals. Because of these vaccinations, almost no domesticated pets have rabies.

Vocabulary list:
·         Nervous            : gelisah, takut
·         Scratch            : luka garutan
·         Emergency        :darurat
·         Rabies              : penyakit anjing gila
·         Incubation         : penetasan, inkubasi
·         Symptoms         : gejala
·         Disease            : penyakit
·         Injection           : suntikan
·         Precaution         : tindakan pencegahan
·         vaccinated         : vaksinasi

Exercise 1
Answer the question below.

  1. What is rabies?
  2. What should you do if you are bitten?
  3. What will the doctor do?
  4.  How does you protect yourself from rabies 
  5. Why does the pet should be vaccinated

Writing focus :

Using brainstorming to develop your writing skill.

Example :

 

 

     The Defenition

 

 

         The Causes

 

RABIES

 

      The Symptoms

 

 

     The Treatment

 

 

Exercise 2:

Choose the topic below then  develop it by using brainstrorming. After that compose it by using your own word.

1.   Anthrax

2.   Avian flu

3.   Malaria

4.   Yellow fever

5.   Loiasis

 

 



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Sneeze

03.12 |

What is Sneeze ?

 

AHHH . . . CHOO!

If you just sneezed, something was probably irritating or tickling the inside of your nose. Sneezing, also called sternutation, is your body's way of removing an irritation from your nose.
When the inside of your nose gets a tickle, a message is sent to a special part of your brain called the sneeze center. The sneeze center then sends a message to all the muscles that have to work together to create the amazingly complicated process that we call the sneeze.
Some of the muscles involved are the abdominal (belly) muscles, the chest muscles, the diaphragm (the large muscle beneath your lungs that makes you breathe), the muscles that control your vocal cords, and muscles in the back of your throat. Don't forget the eyelid muscles! Did you know that you always close your eyes when you sneeze?
Most anything that can irritate the inside of your nose can start a sneeze. Some common things include dust, cold air, or pepper. When you catch a cold in your nose, a virus has made a temporary home there and is causing lots of swelling and irritation. Some people have allergies, and they sneeze when they are exposed to certain things, such as animal dander (which comes from the skin of many common pets) or pollen (which comes from some plants).
Do you know anyone who sneezes when they step outside into the sunshine? About 1 out of every 3 people sneezes when exposed to bright light. They are called photic sneezers (photic means light). If you are a photic sneezer, you got it from one of your parents because it is an inherited trait. You could say that it runs in your family. Most people have some sensitivity to light that can trigger a sneeze.
Source            : http://kidshealth.org/kid/talk/qa/sneeze.html#cat113
vocabulary  list:
·         Sneeze            : bersin
·         Tickle             : perasaan gatal
·         Muscle           : otot
·         Irritation        : gangguan, iritasi
·         Swelling         : bengkak
·         Pollen             : serbuk
·         Dust                : debu
·         Trigger           : keburu

Exercise   1      : 
Choose the correct answer by crossing (a,b,c or d)
1.    1.  Sneezing also called
a.      Cold
b.      Cough
c.       Sternutation
d.     Smell
2.     2.  What is sneeze center?
a.      The germs that caused sneeze
b.      The treatment centre of sneeze
c.       The special part in the nose that make sneeze
d.     The special centre in the brain that raceive the massages.
3.      3. The muscle that infulence when you sneeze, except
a.      Abdominal muscle
b.      Chest muscle
c.       Eye muscle
d.     Back muscle
4.       4. What is photic sneezer?
a.      Someone who sneezes when they step outside into the night.
b.      Someone  who sneezes when they step outside into the sunshine.
c.       Someone  who sneezes when they find some kinds of flower.
d.     someone who sneezes when they step outside in the dirty place.

5.     5.  The things that can cause sneeze, except
a.      Dust
b.      Water
c.       Cold
d.     Pepper

Grammar focus
Simple Present in active and passive form
Active voice
Passive voice
( + ) S + V1 (s/es) + O
( + ) S + be ( am/is/are) + V3 + by + O
( - ) S + do/does + not + V1 + O
(- ) S + be ( am/is/are) +not + V3 + by + O
( ? ) Do/ does + S + V1 + O
(? ) be ( am/is/are) + S + V3 + by + O?

Example :
Ø  ( A ) The sneeze centre sends a message.
( P )  A massage is sent by the sneeze centre.
Ø  ( A ) The doctors give the therapy.

( A ) The therapy is given by the doctors.


Exercise 2:
Change the sentences to the active or passive form.
1)  (A)  The doctor writes a recipe.

(P)  ...........................................

2)  (A)  He drinks the medicine.

(P)  ..........................................

3)  (A) The nurses check the patient condition.

(P) .............................................................

4)  (A) ......................................................

(P)  The sneeze is caused by the viruses.

5)  (A)........................................................

(P)  The injection is  given  by the nurses.




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Physical activity

02.54 |

Reading comperehention

WHY PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IS IMPORTANT FOR YOU
 


People need to be active to be healthy. Our modern lifestyle and all the conveniences we've become used to have made us sedentary - and that's dangerous for our health. Sitting around in front of the TV or the computer, riding in the car for even a short trip to the store and using elevators instead of stairs or ramps all contribute to our inactivity. Physical inactivity is as dangerous to our health as smoking!
Add up your activities during the day in periods of at least 10 minutes each. Start slowly...and build up. If you're already doing some light activities move up to more moderate ones. A little is good, but more is better if you want to achieve health benefits.
Scientists say accumulate 60 minutes of physical activity every day to stay healthy or improve your health. Time needed depends on effort - as you progress to moderate activities, you can cut down to thirty minutes, four days a week.
Physical activity doesn't have to be very hard to improve your health. This goal can be reached by building physical activities into your daily routine. Just add up in periods of at least ten minutes each throughout the day. After three months of regular physical activity,you will notice a difference - people often say getting started is the hardest part.
(From Handbook for Canada's Physical Activity Guide to Healthy Active Living p. 4. Canadian Society for Exercise
Physiology, Ottawa, Ontario, 1998)

Source:http://www.miguelmllop.com/practice/intermediate/readingcomprehension/physicalactivity.pdf


Vocabulary list
  • ·         Sedentary       : menetap
  • ·         Ramps             : jalan landai
  • ·         Contribute      : menyumbang
  • ·         Moderate       : layak
  • ·         Move up         : berpindah
  • ·         Accumulate    : mengumpulkan
  • ·         Effort              : usaha, upaya
  • ·         Routine           : rutin

Exercise :
I. Answer the following questions using your own words
a.       Why is physical activity so important for people?
b.      How can you include physical activity in your life?
II. Are the following statements true (T) or false (F)?
a.       Smoking is less dangerous than physical inactivity.
b.       You do not need more than sixty minutes a day to be fit.

III. Find a word or phrase in the text which, in context, is similar in meaning
To
a.      Inactive
b.     Fit

IV. Choose a, b, or c, in each question below. Only one choice is correct .
1.      Nowadays people ...
a.       are less active than in the past.
b.      are more active than in the past.
c.       are as sedentary as they used to be.
2.      Time needed for physical activity depends on ...
a.       Health
b.       Effort
c.       money
3.      You can improve your health ...
a.       integrating physical activity into your timetable.
b.      eating less and less during short periods of time.
c.       relaxing and keeping cool.
4.      People say that ...
a.       they do not have time for physical activity.
b.      getting into physical activity is the most difficult part.
c.       getting into physical activity is not so difficult.

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